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Hipoglikemija




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Hipoglikemija – organizmo būsena, kai gliukozės kiekis kraujyje yra per mažas. Liga pasireiškia, kai gliukozės koncentracija mažesnė negu 3,5 mmol/l.




Turinys





  • 1 Priežastys


  • 2 Požymiai


  • 3 Ką daryti ištikus hipoglikemijai?


  • 4 Hipoglikeminė koma ir pagalba jai ištikus




Priežastys |


Hipoglikemiją gali sukelti:


  • nepavalgius, vėluojant pavalgyti arba pakeitus dietą

  • išgėrus alkoholio

  • dirbant arba sportuojant ilgiau, kitaip arba intensyviau nei įprastai

  • sergant sunkia inkstų, kepenų ar kitokia liga

  • sveikstant po traumos, operacijos, karščiavimo, kitos ligos ar streso


Požymiai |


Hipoglikemija turi pakankamai aiškius požymius :


  • Silpnumas, dreba rankos ir (ar) kojos

  • Išblyškęs veidas

  • Prakaitavimas


  • Galvos skausmas, svaigimas


  • Nuotaikos kitimai, mieguistumas

  • Galimi regėjimo sutrikimai


Ką daryti ištikus hipoglikemijai? |


Kilus hipoglikemijai reikia skubiai ką nors suvalgyti. Jei hipoglikemija nėra stipri, galima valgyti maistą su lėtai įsisavinamais angliavandeniais (duoną ir kt). Jei reikia cukraus kiekį didinti skubiai, patariama suvalgyti kokį nors saldainį (ar išgerti stiklinę sulčių). Geriausiai būtų karamelė, tada cukraus kiekis kraujyje pakils greitai, tačiau patariama suvalgyti ir ko nors, kas skrandyje laikytųsi ilgiau.


Jei hipoglikemija paliekama ir negydoma ar nepastebima, kyla pavojus hipoglikeminei komai. Tada žmogus netenka sąmonės, dar vėliau prasideda traukuliai. Po hipoglikeminės komos pacientas dažniausiai neatsimena kelių minučių iki sąmonės netekimo. Gali sutrikti judesių koordinacija, regėjimas.


Hipoglikemija gali išsivystyti ir nuo tam tikrų veiksnių. Esant dideliam karščiui gliukozės kiekis kraujyje taip pat krinta. Pvz., hipoglikemija gali ištikti ilgai mirkstant karštame vandenyje ar kaitinantis pirtyje, todėl prieš einant į pirtį patariama suvalgyti saldaus maisto.



Hipoglikeminė koma ir pagalba jai ištikus |


Prasidėjus traukuliams būtina suteikti ligoniui pagalbą. Reikia pacientui suleisti gliukagono, kurį diabetikai visada turi turėti šalia. Gliukagono injekciją suleisti galima panašiai kaip ir insulino.
Į hipoglikemines komas negalima atsižvelgti kaip į paprastą nualpimą, pagalbą reikia suteikti kaip įmanoma greičiau. Jei hipoglikeminė koma bus nepastebėta arba pagalba nebus suteikta laiku, žmogus gali net mirti.









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